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    明(ming)清兩代家(jia)(jia)具(ju)的(de)鑲嵌手法和鑲嵌材料豐富多樣，尤其是清代，運用多種工藝(yi)手法，多種材料結合(he)，巧妙地裝飾在家(jia)(jia)具(ju)上(shang)，形成以“技(ji)藝(yi)絕(jue)倫”、“雍(yong)容華貴”、“富麗堂皇”為特點的(de)清式家(jia)(jia)具(ju)。

    鑲嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)制(zhi)作來源廣(guang)(guang)泛，每個(ge)地(di)區依(yi)附得(de)天獨厚(hou)的(de)優越條(tiao)件，形成了不同的(de)風格和流派(pai)。如(ru)嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)螺鈿(dian)(dian)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)主(zhu)要(yao)產自(zi)山西(xi)，亦是(shi)“晉作家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)”代(dai)表。晉作鑲嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)大(da)漆螺鈿(dian)(dian)，漆灰較厚(hou)，甸片亦較厚(hou)。山西(xi)嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)螺鈿(dian)(dian)主(zhu)要(yao)為(wei)(wei)平嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)，鑲瓷(ci)(ci)板(ban)(ban)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)以江西(xi)制(zhi)作較多(duo)(duo)，江西(xi)是(shi)全國(guo)著名的(de)瓷(ci)(ci)都(dou)，因此鑲瓷(ci)(ci)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)較多(duo)(duo)。制(zhi)法是(shi)先燒(shao)好特制(zhi)的(de)瓷(ci)(ci)板(ban)(ban)，再在瓷(ci)(ci)板(ban)(ban)四邊鑲框(kuang)做(zuo)成柜(ju)門、屏(ping)心、桌(zhuo)面凳(deng)面等(deng)(deng)，與其它地(di)區大(da)不相同。山東(dong)(dong)濰(wei)坊(fang)以嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)金(jin)(jin)銀絲(si)(si)享(xiang)譽四方(fang)。嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)金(jin)(jin)銀絲(si)(si)工藝(yi)起源于明(ming)代(dai)萬歷年，為(wei)(wei)明(ming)代(dai)藝(yi)人田小山首創。直至今(jin)天山東(dong)(dong)濰(wei)坊(fang)還(huan)(huan)有個(ge)金(jin)(jin)銀絲(si)(si)鑲嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)廠。嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)五彩螺鈿(dian)(dian)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)以揚(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)最為(wei)(wei)著名，清(qing)宮中收(shou)藏的(de)嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)五彩螺鈿(dian)(dian)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)應為(wei)(wei)揚(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)，或(huo)出自(zi)造(zao)(zao)辦(ban)處(chu)(chu)內揚(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)工匠之手(shou)。浙江寧波(bo)以嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)牛骨(gu)、象(xiang)骨(gu)及(ji)牛角家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)數量(liang)最多(duo)(duo)，嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)象(xiang)牙家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)、琺瑯(lang)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)以宮廷造(zao)(zao)辦(ban)處(chu)(chu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，還(huan)(huan)有一些家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)則按(an)內廷樣式交由(you)廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承辦(ban)制(zhi)作。另外廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)金(jin)(jin)銀及(ji)花絲(si)(si)、嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)點(dian)翠、嵌(qian)(qian)(qian)玻璃油畫等(deng)(deng)，都(dou)比較有名。

明(ming)  黑漆(qi)灑螺鈿圓凳

    宮廷現存(cun)的鑲嵌(qian)家(jia)(jia)具以珍(zhen)珠、珊瑚(hu)、玉石、水晶、瑪瑙等光彩奪(duo)目的名貴(gui)材料來做裝(zhuang)飾，可謂是集多種工藝之(zhi)大成(cheng)。鑲嵌(qian)方法(fa)有兩種，一為(wei)(wei)平嵌(qian)法(fa)，二為(wei)(wei)凸嵌(qian)法(fa)。它(ta)們均(jun)代表了清代家(jia)(jia)具制作工藝技術的發(fa)展水平。

    平嵌(qian)(qian)法多體現在(zai)漆(qi)(qi)器家(jia)(jia)具(ju)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，木制家(jia)(jia)具(ju)也(ye)用(yong)平嵌(qian)(qian)法。漆(qi)(qi)器家(jia)(jia)具(ju)的(de)(de)平嵌(qian)(qian)法是先以雜木制成家(jia)(jia)具(ju)骨架，上(shang)(shang)(shang)生漆(qi)(qi)一道，趁(chen)漆(qi)(qi)未干(gan)，粘貼麻(ma)布(bu)，用(yong)壓(ya)(ya)子壓(ya)(ya)實(shi)。晾干(gan)后(hou)(hou)再(zai)涂生漆(qi)(qi)，趁(chen)生漆(qi)(qi)發(fa)粘，將事先準備的(de)(de)嵌(qian)(qian)件(jian)(jian)依(yi)所(suo)需(xu)紋飾粘好，再(zai)在(zai)地子上(shang)(shang)(shang)漆(qi)(qi)灰(hui)(hui)膩(ni)子兩遍，且每次(ci)均須打(da)磨平整。第一遍稍粗，第二(er)遍稍細，漆(qi)(qi)灰(hui)(hui)要與嵌(qian)(qian)件(jian)(jian)齊平。這層細灰(hui)(hui)干(gan)后(hou)(hou)，略有收縮(suo)。然后(hou)(hou)根據所(suo)需(xu)顏色上(shang)(shang)(shang)各色漆(qi)(qi)，通常要上(shang)(shang)(shang)兩到三遍，使漆(qi)(qi)層高過嵌(qian)(qian)件(jian)(jian)。經打(da)磨，把嵌(qian)(qian)件(jian)(jian)表面完全顯(xian)露(lu)出來。再(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)一道光漆(qi)(qi)，即為成器，其它質料的(de)(de)鑲嵌(qian)(qian)亦有采用(yong)這種做法。

    在(zai)(zai)(zai)安(an)裝(zhuang)合頁、面葉(xie)、扭頭、吊牌(pai)、提手、提環(huan)、眼(yan)錢、包角(jiao)、拍(pai)子、套腿等(deng)金屬飾(shi)件(jian)(jian)時(shi)(shi)，如果是帶(dai)有各式(shi)(shi)花紋的(de)(de)飾(shi)件(jian)(jian)，就(jiu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)暗爪。在(zai)(zai)(zai)安(an)裝(zhuang)合頁、面葉(xie)、扭頭、吊牌(pai)、提手、提環(huan)、眼(yan)錢、包角(jiao)、拍(pai)子、套腿等(deng)金屬飾(shi)件(jian)(jian)時(shi)(shi)，如果是帶(dai)有各式(shi)(shi)花紋的(de)(de)飾(shi)件(jian)(jian)，就(jiu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)暗爪，如果是光素飾(shi)件(jian)(jian)，一(yi)般用(yong)(yong)(yong)浮釘。平嵌法都用(yong)(yong)(yong)暗釘，即(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)背面焊上(shang)銅(tong)釘，銅(tong)釘分兩(liang)叉，先在(zai)(zai)(zai)大邊(bian)上(shang)打(da)眼(yan)，打(da)好孔后，再把透出(chu)的(de)(de)雙釘向兩(liang)側劈分，飾(shi)件(jian)(jian)便牢(lao)牢(lao)地固定住(zhu)。

    凸(tu)嵌(qian)法，即在各色素漆家(jia)具(ju)或各種質(zhi)料的(de)硬木家(jia)具(ju)上，根據(ju)紋飾需要，雕刻出(chu)相應凹槽，將嵌(qian)件(jian)粘(zhan)嵌(qian)在凹槽內。嵌(qian)件(jian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)再施以適當的(de)毛雊(gou)，使(shi)圖案顯得(de)更加生動(dong)。這種嵌(qian)法的(de)嵌(qian)件(jian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)多高于(yu)(yu)襯地。由于(yu)(yu)其起凸(tu)的(de)特點(dian)，使(shi)紋飾顯出(chu)強(qiang)烈的(de)立體感(gan)。此法同(tong)樣(yang)適用于(yu)(yu)金(jin)屬(shu)飾件(jian)的(de)鑲嵌(qian)，家(jia)具(ju)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)不(bu)起槽，只(zhi)在家(jia)具(ju)上打眼，把飾件(jian)平放于(yu)(yu)木框(kuang)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)，用暗(an)爪(zhua)或泡釘(ding)釘(ding)牢，裝好(hao)后(hou)，飾件(jian)高出(chu)家(jia)具(ju)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)，形成不(bu)同(tong)色彩、不(bu)同(tong)質(zhi)感(gan)的(de)強(qiang)烈對比。

    鑲嵌(qian)工藝自古有之，但(dan)空前普及卻(que)在明清(qing)(qing)時期，尤其是(shi)清(qing)(qing)代(dai)，可謂多種(zhong)材料(liao)并(bing)用，多種(zhong)工藝結合，而且主要體現在家具上，且增添(tian)了無(wu)窮(qiong)的藝術(shu)風彩。